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Climate Change and Indigenous Health: Addressing the Impacts on Well-being

The impacts of climate change are felt acutely by Indigenous communities across Canada, with significant consequences for physical, mental, and spiritual health. As temperatures rise, ecosystems shift, and traditional ways of life are disrupted, Indigenous Peoples and communities face unique health challenges. However, these communities are also at the forefront of developing holistic approaches to addressing these impacts.

The Interconnected Nature of Indigenous Health

Indigenous perspectives on health embody a profound understanding of interconnectedness, where well-being emerges from harmonious relationships between people, land, water, and spirit. This holistic worldview recognizes that human health is inseparable from the health of the ecosystems that sustain us, creating a web of reciprocal relationships that nourish physical, mental, and spiritual wellness.

Sacred relationships form the foundation of Indigenous health understanding. These connections extend beyond individual well-being to encompass deep bonds with traditional territories, water systems, and food sources. Ceremonial healing practices and land-based wellness approaches honour these relationships, while traditional medicine protocols and ancestral healing knowledge guide health practices through seasonal ceremonial cycles. This sacred framework recognizes that human health cannot be separated from environmental health.

Environmental connections play a crucial role in maintaining wellness. Clean water relationships and healthy land connections provide the foundation for traditional food access and medicinal plant stewardship. The protection of sacred sites and maintenance of ecosystem balance demonstrate how environmental responsibility directly impacts human health. This understanding recognizes that the preservation of biodiversity is essential for maintaining community wellness.

Community wellness emerges through intergenerational relationships and cultural knowledge transmission. Strong support networks facilitate collective healing practices, while traditional teaching methods ensure the continuation of shared wellness responsibilities. These social bonds maintain cultural continuity, recognizing that individual health is inextricably linked to community well-being. The strength of these connections provides resilience in facing contemporary health challenges.

Mental and emotional well-being flows from strong connections to territory and cultural identity. Participation in traditional ceremonies and community activities creates a sense of belonging that supports psychological health. Land-based healing practices and spiritual ceremonies provide powerful tools for maintaining mental wellness, while intergenerational support ensures cultural expression continues to nurture emotional health.

Physical health practices reflect this interconnected understanding through traditional food systems and active land-based activities. Natural medicine knowledge guides seasonal activities and traditional sports, while harvesting and food preparation methods maintain important connections to the land. These traditional movement practices recognize that physical health emerges from active participation in cultural activities.

Spiritual wellness, maintained through ceremonial participation and sacred site connections, forms a crucial component of overall health. Traditional teachings and cultural protocols guide spiritual practices, while Elder and Knowledge Keeper guidance ensures proper understanding of creation stories and ancestral relationships. This spiritual foundation supports all aspects of health and well-being.

Contemporary applications of these traditional approaches demonstrate their continued relevance. The integration of traditional healing with modern health services creates more effective community-led health programs. Land-based wellness initiatives and cultural health programs provide crucial support for mental health and youth wellness, while Elder-guided healing ensures these approaches maintain their cultural integrity.

This comprehensive understanding of health demonstrates how physical, mental, and spiritual well-being emerge from proper relationships with land, water, and community. By maintaining these connections, Indigenous approaches to health provide powerful models for addressing contemporary wellness challenges while preserving cultural knowledge and practices.

Indigenous-Led Health Initiatives Addressing Climate Impacts

Indigenous communities demonstrate remarkable leadership in developing comprehensive approaches to address the intersecting challenges of climate change and community health. Their innovative responses combine traditional knowledge with contemporary practices, creating effective models for health adaptation and resilience that honour cultural values while meeting modern challenges.

Land as Medicine: Indigenous Healing Programs Bridge Traditional and Contemporary Wellness

Land-based healing programs emerge as cornerstone initiatives in Indigenous health responses to climate change. These programs create powerful spaces where traditional healing practices merge seamlessly with contemporary mental health support. Through guided activities on the land, community members strengthen their cultural connections while addressing climate-related anxiety and stress. These programs prove particularly effective in supporting Youth and Elders, creating opportunities for intergenerational knowledge transfer while building community resilience. As environmental conditions change, these programs adapt traditional therapeutic practices while maintaining their cultural integrity and healing power.

Preserving the Sacred: Indigenous Communities Revitalize Traditional Medicine in a Changing Climate

Traditional medicine revitalization efforts demonstrate Indigenous communities’ commitment to preserving and adapting crucial health knowledge. Knowledge Holders work diligently to document traditional plant knowledge while developing strategies to address changing plant distributions and access. Medicine gardens serve as living laboratories where communities cultivate essential plants while training new practitioners in traditional healing arts. These initiatives carefully integrate climate change considerations into medicine protocols, ensuring these vital practices remain viable despite environmental changes. The protection of sacred medicine sites and preservation of ceremonial practices remain central to these efforts.

Watching with Purpose: Indigenous Communities Lead Climate-Health Monitoring

Community-based monitoring programs provide essential information for health adaptation strategies. Through systematic tracking of environmental changes and their health impacts, communities develop sophisticated understanding of climate-health relationships. These Indigenous-led initiatives combine traditional knowledge with contemporary research methods, creating powerful tools for early warning and response. Local capacity building ensures communities maintain control over health monitoring while building valuable knowledge sharing networks that benefit multiple communities.

Guardians of Land and Life: Indigenous Stewards Connect Environmental and Community Health

The Indigenous Guardians program exemplifies how traditional stewardship practices support community health. Guardians serve as front-line observers of environmental change, monitoring conditions that affect community well-being. Their work protecting traditional medicine areas and tracking ecosystem changes provides crucial data for health planning. Through their efforts gathering traditional foods and preserving sacred spaces, Guardians maintain vital connections between environmental and community health.

Weaving Resilience: Indigenous Communities Create Adaptive Health Solutions for Climate Change

Adaptive health strategies emerge from these integrated efforts, demonstrating Indigenous communities’ sophisticated approach to climate-health challenges. Climate-responsive health planning incorporates traditional food system adaptation while strengthening mental health support networks. Cultural strengthening programs build community resilience, while enhanced emergency response capacity helps communities address acute climate impacts. Youth engagement initiatives ensure these adaptive strategies continue evolving, while Elder support systems maintain connections to traditional knowledge.

Braiding Knowledge: Indigenous Communities Unite Traditional Wisdom with Modern Innovation

The integration of knowledge systems within these initiatives demonstrates Indigenous communities’ ability to blend traditional wisdom with contemporary approaches. This synthesis creates innovative health solutions while preserving crucial cultural knowledge. Through community-led research and adaptive management practices, Indigenous communities develop sustainable approaches to health that respond to current challenges while maintaining traditional values and practices.

Holistic Approaches for Climate Resilience

As climate change continues to impact the health and well-being of Indigenous communities across Canada, the responses emerging from these communities offer powerful models of resilience and adaptation. By approaching health holistically – considering physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions – and grounding solutions in cultural knowledge and practices, Indigenous Peoples are developing strategies that not only address immediate health impacts but also build long-term community resilience.

These Indigenous-led approaches to addressing the health impacts of climate change offer important lessons for all of Canada and indeed the world. They demonstrate the power of integrating traditional knowledge with modern health practices, the importance of community-led initiatives, and the need for holistic approaches to health and well-being in the face of environmental change.

As Canada grapples with the broader health implications of climate change, the wisdom and resilience demonstrated by Indigenous communities provide a valuable roadmap for creating health systems and policies that are not only responsive to climate impacts but also rooted in a deep, respectful relationship with the land and all living beings.

 

Blog by Rye Karonhiowanen Barberstock

 

(Image Credit: Ahmed, Licensed by Unsplash+)

 

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The Impacts of Climate Change on the Mental Wellness of Indigenous Peoples Around the World

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A systematic literature review conducted by researchers from the University of Sydney, and published in February 2022, reaffirms that climate change has direct, indirect, and different effects on Indigenous mental wellness globally. When attachment to land is disrupted by the effects of extreme weather events, the resultant upheaval triggers different emotions among various Indigenous peoples. The relationship among Indigenous peoples, emotions, and climate change effects, varies from place to place.

According to the research study,  emotional responses to the effects of climate change, vary globally among Indigenous peoples. For example, feelings of frustration are documented among the peoples of rural savannahs in Western Africa, who experience erratic weather, caused by climate change. Meanwhile, aggression is noted to increase among Indigenous people in Australia who are impacted by droughts. Inuit experiencing loss of sea ice are documented with ecological grief, and risk factors contributing to PTSD are also documented about Taiwanese communities experiencing typhoons. These examples offer insights into the impacts of direct pressures of climate change on Indigenous wellness, and how the impact can vary from location to location and among various Indigenous communities. In these ways, unexpected, prolonged, and repeated changes in the land can be understood as negatively impacting Indigenous health. There are also indirect pressures of climate change that result in distress and that undermine mental wellness. Indirect pressures include decreased access to land and fewer opportunities to pass along Indigenous knowledge. When land connections are threatened or removed, mental wellness declines. Disruptions to culture and disruptions to land become detrimental to the health and wellbeing of Indigenous community members.

While the effects of climate change on the land brought on by adverse weather conditions are detrimental to Indigenous health, the research study notes how the “intrinsic connection and attachment to land” reduces stress and supports overall mental wellness. For example, Inuit Elders in Rigolet, Canada, have shown how spending time on the land enhances mental wellness among individuals and across whole communities.

Different aspects that affect the vulnerability of Indigenous peoples to climate change and mental wellness of Indigenous peoples include, perceptions and understandings of climate change; place attachment; disruption to culture; food insecurity; and broader, existing social injustices. Across many cultures, maintaining and sharing cultural traditions are ways to cope with climate change. For example, Torres Strait Islander Peoples engage in music, art, and traditional teachings, all known to enhance emotional well being.

The research provides different examples from all over the world, and shows how Indigenous communities are experiencing threats to mental wellness brought upon by climate change. Social supports and kinship ties assist Indigenous peoples to adapt to climate change and to uphold coping mechanisms to manage mental wellness. Perceptions and viewpoints about vulnerability and community resilience differ among Indigenous peoples, depending on where they live, how they engage with traditional knowledge, and how they share this knowledge among diverse members of their communities, including among youth, women, and Elders.

 

By Leela Viswanathan

 

(Image credit: David Clode, Unsplash)

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Climate Grief: The Emotional Impact of Climate Change

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Climate change triggers emotions. ‘Climate grief’ or ecological grief refers to the emotional response to the loss and anxiety associated with the “overall effects of climate change.” Climate change has an impact on human health—physical and mental. While the physical impacts of climate change have been linked to respiratory ailments, like asthma, because of air pollution and heatstroke, various psychological ailments and mental health concerns are emotional impacts of climate change and are often overlooked.

The uncertainty associated with climate change requires people to deal with changes that have already occurred, and with complex feelings of not knowing what additional changes will emerge in the future; this exacerbates anxiety and grief. Names for climate grief can take on regional terms. For example, “winter grief” is the grief of the loss of traditional winters due to climate change. “Snow anxiety,” and grappling with simultaneous feelings of “winter joy” and “snow relief” are some of the ways that Arctic communities express the spectrum of feelings associated with managing uncertainty in the landscape due to climate change.

Climate grief is prevalent in Arctic communities. The Inuit experience of “solastalgia”—a feeling of home sickness without ever leaving home”—is linked to the psychological impact of seeing the landscape of melting ice due to climate change. The unpredictability of the “shoulder season”—the period between hunting seasons—is a cause for worry among the Inuit. Fluctuations in the amount of snow in the winter and Spring temperatures make it increasingly difficult for Inuit to plan for their lives. With the melting ice limiting access to land and water, Inuit with otherwise strong cultural connections to the landscape are experiencing a form of seasonal affective disorder. The loss of one’s home and the shifting conditions for Arctic survival are feeding a sadness, on top of the impacts of colonialism, regarded by some as a social determinant of health.

Climate change effects also disrupt Indigenous knowledge systems and feed anxiety in the loss of one’s culture. Inuit fear loss of species if there is “no more sea ice” and loss of connection to the land. The cumulative loss of land over years for Inuit communities of Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada and the resultant loss of sense of place, are at the root of ecological grief, with the concomitant effect of loss of local knowledge.

The Climate Atlas recognizes how mental health impacts of climate change fall into three main categories: experiences of extreme weather events; experiences of environmental changes; and awareness of climate change experiences. Climate grief and distress affects all age groups. Author of “A Field Guide to Climate Anxiety,” Sarah Jaquette Ray notes that the population born “at the tail end of the Millennial generation,” also known as Generation Z or iGen, are “the first to have spent [their] entire lives with the effects of climate change,” and that everyone should mirror their tremendous energy and address climate distress by renewing one’s “commitment to climate advocacy.”

 

By Leela Viswanathan

 

(Image Credit: Jeremy Bishop, Unsplash)

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